What is IP Fragmentation?
--> When a device sends IP Packet to another device on the network, it should not be bigger than MTU value. --> MTU stands for Maximum Transmission Unit. --> The Maximum size of the MTU is 1500 bytes. --> If the IP Packet of more than 1500 bytes then we need to divid…
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What is the use of IP Directed Broadcast?
--> Broadcast traffic is one type of traffic, in which data is sent from one source to all the destinations. --> Broadcast address in the network can be of two types, 1) Network Broadcast address: 255.255.255.255 ( This is used to forward the packet to all the devices with…
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Understanding Cisco IOS 15 License
--> When you purchase a Cisco router, it comes with an IOS image that has all feature sets included in it but you need to activate it with the help of license. --> Cisco IOS 15 comes with 4 Feature sets and these 4 Features set combined into one single IOS image called as …
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Types of Security Operation Centers(SOC) ?
1) Threat Centric SOC --> A threat-centric SOC actively searches for malicious threats in the network. --> New threats can be identified with the help of i) known vulnerabilities 2) threat intelligence feed services 3) malicious anomalies across networks. --> In order t…
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Why DNS uses both TCP and UDP?
--> DNS and some other Services uses both the TCP and UDP Protocols for working. --> These two protocols are so different from each other. TCP is a connection-oriented protocol whereas UDP is a connection-less protocol. --> DNS Servers need to maintain the same databas…
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Understanding Netstat Command
--> netstat (network statistics) is a network utility tool that shows network connections for the Transmission Control Protocol (both incoming and outgoing) and User Datagram Protocol, routing tables, and a number of network interface (network interface controller or software…
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Understanding IP Header
--> IP Address operates at Layer 3 of OSI reference model and Layer 2 of TCP/IP model. --> IP uses Packets to carry the information throughout the network. --> IP is a connectionless protocol which does not require any acknowledgment from the destination after it has b…
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Difference between SFP, SFP+, QSFP, QSFP+, XFP and CFP Modules
SFP: --> SFP stands for Small Form Factor Pluggable and it is also called as mini GBIC. --> SFP transceiver modules support SONET, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, Fibre Channel, and other communications standards. --> Copper cables and fiber cables can be used in SFP m…
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What is Blackhole network
--> Blackhole routes are the special type of static route that is used to drop all the traffic sent to it. --> A black hole route is used to forward unwanted or undesirable traffic into a black hole. --> Blackhole routes are also called as null 0 routes. --> A null r…
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